COVID-19 Presenting With Acute Anicteric Hepatitis in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

The impact that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has on the hepatobiliary system is poorly described in the pediatric population compared with the adult population. In adults, gastrointestinal symptoms and marked elevation in liver enzymes in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been directly correlated with disease severity. This case is a unique presentation of a pediatric patient with a relatively mild disease course despite the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and marked elevation in transaminases, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 virus may cause isolated acute hepatitis in pediatric patients.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Health care Workers and Medical Students

Background: Health care workers (HCW) assume a significant part in teaching the overall population about the origin of the immunization and its implications and subsequently, vaccination hesitancy among them presents existential dangers to the stoppage and control of this pandemic. It will likewise impede endeavours to reduce COVID-19 pandemic. Objective(s):To comprehend coronavirus vaccine acceptance and specific attitudes toward vaccine hesitancy among HCWs and medical students at Jinnah hospital, Lahore. Method(s):200 HCWs employed by Jinnah Hospital, Lahore and 200 asymptomatic medical students to access attitudes toward vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. A cross-sectional survey was designed and the questionnaire was administered during May, 2022 while it was completed online throughout the month of May, 2022. Vaccination hesitancy was defined as procrastination or denial of vaccination although the services and the doses are available. Tabulated form was given to the descriptive statistics and the reported attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine of the participants. Data was entered and analysed statistically by using SPSS software, IBM version 27. Qualitative data was shown as frequencies and percentages. For data analysis a chi-square test was used with P < .05 as statistical significance. Result(s):In total, 400 enrolees, completed the questionnaire, a majority of participants were doctors (98.5%), were vaccinated by choice (90.5%), had Chinese vaccination (80.5%), and had booster dose (34%). Almost all respondents were aware of COVID-19 vaccination (100%).Vaccination hesitancy was shown by health care workers right away due to fear of vaccine (1%). Conclusion(s):Vaccine intake was adequate among health care workers and satisfactory among medical students. Awareness regarding vaccination was good among both groups with low level of hesitancy.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Barriers and facilitators of childhood COVID-19 vaccination among parents: A systematic review.

Background: The acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 among parents of young children plays a significant role in controlling the current pandemic. A wide range of factors that influence vaccine hesitancy in adults has been reported worldwide, but less attention has been given to COVID-19 vaccination among children. Vaccine hesitancy is considered a major challenge in achieving herd immunity, and it is more challenging among parents as they remain deeply concerned about their child's health. In this context, a systematic review of the current literature is inevitable to assess vaccine hesitancy among parents of young children to ensure a successful ongoing vaccination program. Method: A systematic search of peer-reviewed English literature indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Web of science was performed using developed keywords between 1 January 2020 and August 2022. This systematic review included only those studies that focused on parental concerns about COVID-19 vaccines in children up to 12 years without a diagnosis of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 108 studies were included. The quality appraisal of the study was performed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: The results of 108 studies depict that vaccine hesitancy rates differed globally with a considerably large number of factors associated with it. The highest vaccine hesitancy rates among parents were reported in a study from the USA (86.1%) and two studies from Saudi Arabia (>85%) and Turkey (89.6%). Conversely, the lowest vaccine hesitancy rates ranging from 0.69 and 2% were found in two studies from South Africa and Switzerland, respectively. The largest study (n = 227,740) was conducted in Switzerland while the smallest sample size (n = 12) was represented by a study conducted in the USA. The most commonly reported barriers to childhood vaccination were mothers' lower education level (N = 46/108, 43%), followed by financial instability (N = 19/108, 18%), low confidence in new vaccines (N = 13/108, 12%), and unmonitored social media platforms (N = 5/108, 4.6%). These factors were significantly associated with vaccine refusal among parents. However, the potential facilitators for vaccine uptake among respondents who intended to have their children vaccinated include higher education level (N = 12/108, 11%), followed by information obtained through healthcare professionals (N = 9/108, 8.3%) and strong confidence in preventive measures taken by the government (N = 5/81, 4.6%). Conclusion: This review underscores that parents around the globe are hesitant to vaccinate their kids against COVID-19. The spectrum of factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and uptake varies across the globe. There is a dire need to address vaccine hesitancy concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of approved vaccines. Local context is inevitable to take into account while developing programs to reduce vaccine hesitancy. There is a dire need to devise strategies to address vaccine hesitancy among parents through the identification of attributing factors.

Implementation of "Theory of Planned Behavior" on Hand Washing Behavior by the Elderly During the Covid-19 Pandemic

ESSENCE Hand washing is an easy and inexpensive way to prevent infection, one of which is to prevent the spread of SarsCov2. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control on behavioral intentions to wash hands in the elderly during the covid 19 pandemic in the Telagasari Health Center work area in 2020. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach and with an analytical descriptive method. using primary data obtained by filling out a questionnaire. The population of this study was the elderly aged 60-74 years, totaling 8920 in the working area of the Telagasari Health Center in 2020, and obtained a sample of 382 people were obtained by the stratified random sampling method. The results of data processing show that there is a significant effect between attitudes and intentions with a value of r = 0.419 and p = 0.000, there is a significant influence between subjective norms and intentions with a value of r = 0.419, p-value = 0.000 and there is a significant effect between behavioral control and intentions. with a value of r = 0.448 and p = 0.000. The conclusion is that there is an influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control on behavioral intentions to wash hands in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Barriers and facilitators of childhood COVID-19 vaccination among parents: A systematic review

Background The acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 among parents of young children plays a significant role in controlling the current pandemic. A wide range of factors that influence vaccine hesitancy in adults has been reported worldwide, but less attention has been given to COVID-19 vaccination among children. Vaccine hesitancy is considered a major challenge in achieving herd immunity, and it is more challenging among parents as they remain deeply concerned about their child's health. In this context, a systematic review of the current literature is inevitable to assess vaccine hesitancy among parents of young children to ensure a successful ongoing vaccination program. Method A systematic search of peer-reviewed English literature indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Web of science was performed using developed keywords between 1 January 2020 and August 2022. This systematic review included only those studies that focused on parental concerns about COVID-19 vaccines in children up to 12 years without a diagnosis of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 108 studies were included. The quality appraisal of the study was performed by Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results The results of 108 studies depict that vaccine hesitancy rates differed globally with a considerably large number of factors associated with it. The highest vaccine hesitancy rates among parents were reported in a study from the USA (86.1%) and two studies from Saudi Arabia (>85%) and Turkey (89.6%). Conversely, the lowest vaccine hesitancy rates ranging from 0.69 and 2% were found in two studies from South Africa and Switzerland, respectively. The largest study (n = 227,740) was conducted in Switzerland while the smallest sample size (n = 12) was represented by a study conducted in the USA. The most commonly reported barriers to childhood vaccination were mothers' lower education level (N = 46/108, 43%), followed by financial instability (N = 19/108, 18%), low confidence in new vaccines (N = 13/108, 12%), and unmonitored social media platforms (N = 5/108, 4.6%). These factors were significantly associated with vaccine refusal among parents. However, the potential facilitators for vaccine uptake among respondents who intended to have their children vaccinated include higher education level (N = 12/108, 11%), followed by information obtained through healthcare professionals (N = 9/108, 8.3%) and strong confidence in preventive measures taken by the government (N = 5/81, 4.6%). Conclusion This review underscores that parents around the globe are hesitant to vaccinate their kids against COVID-19. The spectrum of factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and uptake varies across the globe. There is a dire need to address vaccine hesitancy concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of approved vaccines. Local context is inevitable to take into account while developing programs to reduce vaccine hesitancy. There is a dire need to devise strategies to address vaccine hesitancy among parents through the identification of attributing factors.

Improving the benefits and cost of using emerging technologies for sustainable recovery from COVID-19 in manufacturing industries

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has manifold disastrous effect on different service and production sectors, and manufacturing industries are no exception. Emerging technologies (ETs) can play a pivotal role in reviving these ailing manufacturing industries. However, the cost of implementing and operating ETs is a prime concern. Nonetheless, the important attributes that will minimize the cost and harness the advantages of the technology are still to be explored. To address this gap, this research seeks to examine the critical attributes required for the effective and efficient deployment of ETs. At first, a detailed literature review was conducted to identify and sort the attributes influencing the effective use of ETs in manufacturing industries. After that, Fuzzy-TODIM (Portuguese abbreviation of "Interactive and Multi-Criteria Decision Making ") method was used to rate the importance of the attributes. The result reveals that, "Inventory and Resource Management " tops the attribute list responsible for exploiting the optimal usage ETs, followed by "Development of Skilled Workforce " and "Supplier and Service Management Capability, " respectively. This paper will assist industry professionals not only in using ETs but also getting the best yield from them strategically and practically.

To Determine the Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Clinical Course and Outcome of COVID-19 at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Diabetes is a common disease known to cause morbidity and mortality. Individuals with diabetes are at greater risk of complications from coronavirus and have recently gains attention of researchers and practitioners. Aim: To assess the effect of diabetes mellitus on clinical course and outcome of coronavirus infection. Study design: Prospective cohort study Place and duration of study: Coronavirus Disease High Dependency Unit Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from 01-01-2021 to03-04-2021. Methodology: Three hundred and seventy six patients of either genders and age range of 15-75 years were enrolled. They were divided into diabetic or non-diabetic groups. The various attributes such as demographic data, medical history, COVID-19 exposure history, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, chest radiograph findings, the treatment measures and complications of diabetes and in hospital outcome were compared for both the groups. Result: Statistically different from each other in terms of oxygen requirement, lymphocyte %, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P=0.026), alanine aminotransferase (P=0.038), C-reactive protein (P=0.048), ferritin (P=0.031), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) (P=0.011), Ddimer (P=0.024), Quick sequential organ failure assessment score (qSOFA score) (P=0.001) and Chest X-ray (P=0.049), blood sugar random (P=0.000), treatment during hospital stay (P=0.000), insulin dose increase (P=0.000), complications during hospital stay (P=0.042) and shifting to the intensive care unit (P=0.002). Conclusion: Diabetic coronavirus patients have poorer prognosis due to higher risk of severe pneumonia and related complications including mortality than their non-diabetic counterparts.

A hybrid ARFIMA-fuzzy time series (FTS) model for forecasting daily cases of Covid-19 in Iraq

Most time series are characterized in practice that they consist of two components, linear and nonlinear, and when making predictions, the single models are not sufficient to model these series. Recently several linear, non-linear and hybrid models have been proposed for prediction, In this research, a new hybrid model was proposed based on the combination of the linear model Auto-Regressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) with the non-linear model fuzzy time series model (FTS). The proposed hybrid model analyzes the linear component of the specified time series using the ARFIMA model, calculates the estimated values, and then calculates the residuals for this model by subtracting the estimated values from the original time series. The nonlinear component is analyzed using the (FTS) model for the computed residuals, which inherently contain the nonlinear patterns of the time series. The final values for the prediction by applying the hybrid model (ARFIMA-FTS) are obtained by combining the predictions of the (ARFIMA) model of the original series with the predictions of the model (FTS) for the residual series. The new hybrid model was used to predict those infected with Covid-19 virus in Iraq for the period from 24/2/2020 to 11/8/2021. The proposed model was more efficient in the prediction process than the single (ARFIMA) model using a number of comparison criteria, including (RMSE), (MAPE) and (MAE). The final results showed that the proposed model has the ability to predict time series that contain linear and nonlinear components.

Establishing a COVID-19 lemmatized word list for journalists and ESP learners

The aim of this research is two-fold;first, to explore the most frequent COVID-19 inspired words in medical news reporting contexts, and second, to classify them into different categories. This paper adopts a corpus-based approach to build a lemmatized academic word list (AWL) inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic. Factiva was used to retrieve the pandemic-related articles published in News Rx from January 1 - October 31, 2020. A total number of 18,249,093-word corpus was compiled. The corpus linguistic software program Wordsmith (WS-6) (Scott, 2012) was used to generate a word list based on the complied corpus. Subsequent to compiling, lemmatizing, and analyzing the AWL, six categories were identified, namely, acronyms and abbreviation, diseases, COVID-19, biology, medicine, and scientific disciplines, all of which are of essential use for media workers, ESP learners of journalism, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health sciences. Building such a discipline-specific glossary will be of special pedagogical value for health journalists, textbook writers and curriculum designers, instructors, and ESP learners in the health sciences field. One of the major contributions of this research is establishing lemmas of a large set of AWL. This set can be utilized by news media workers, health communication specialists, and ESP learners. Lemmatization will ensure rapid dissemination of the word list and its integration in the linguistic system through derivation and other word-formation processes. © 2022

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the General Public in Combating COVID-19

Objective: To know knowledge, attitude and practices of the general public in combating Covid-19. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the at two tertiary care hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. Lady Reading hospital Peshawar, and Mardan Medical Complex Mardan from 1st January 2021 to 30 June 2021. Materials and Methods: A pre-validated online questionnaire was distributed among the general population. Adequate knowledge was assigned as a score of > 4 (range: 0-8) and good perception as a score of > 3 (range: 0-5). Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of difference in knowledge and perception of COVID-19 with socio-demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was run to identify factors associated with adequate knowledge and perception. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A large no of participants had appropriate knowledge of Covid 19 disease (98.9%). Regarding attitudes of people COVID-19 is a treatable disease, agreed 28.5% disagreed. 9.1%. Neutral 25.8%, strongly agreed 31.5% and strongly disagreed 3.4%. COVID-19 can be avoided by washing hands and wearing facemasks Agreed 26.8%, disagreed 1.7%. Neutral 4.9%, strongly agreed 64.5% and strongly disagreed 0.4. Regarding practices, I avoid unnecessary going out of my home Missing 2.3%, always 64.3%. never 1.1%. Often 22.0%rarely.23% and sometimes 8.0%. Conclusion: Albeit the surge of COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, the participants demonstrated an overall adequate knowledge and good perception towards COVID-19 © 2021 Medical Forum Monthly. All rights reserved.

Radiological Perspective of Covid-19 Pneumonia in Tertiary Care Covid-19 Pneumonia Hospital, Karachi

Objective: To evaluate the radiographic patterns in COVID associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Study Design: Analytic study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in specifically designed COVID wards and HDU in Dow University Hospital, Karachi between 1st June 2020 to 15th July 2020, by reviewing the admission records of COVID diagnosed patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients presented with pulmonary symptoms were evaluated for chest radiographs. Results: Out of 150 COVID detected patients, 80 were males (53.33%) and 70(46.66%) were females with a mean age of 51.14±15.96 years. Frequent radiographic patterns were diffuse infiltrates occupying more than half lung field 56(37.33%), diffuse infiltrates less than half of lung field 45 patients (30%), lobar pneumonia in 9(6%) and cardiomegaly with basal infiltrates were observed in 7 patients (4.6%). Dominant symptoms were shortness of breath on exertion 105 patients (70%), fever 60(40%). The most common signs observed were hyperventilation 105(70%) and crepitation’s 30(20%). The most common comorbidities observed in the study were Uncontrolled Diabetes 114(74%), Hypertension 76(50.6%), and ischemic heart disease 52(34.66%). Conclusion: The majority of COVID detected with pneumonia were male, common radiographic patterns were pulmonary infiltrates. Lobar pneumonia and pleural effusion were rare findings and typically seen in severe disease where patients need mechanical ventilation. © 2021 Medical Forum Monthly. All rights reserved.

The psychological impact of COVID-19’s e-learning digital tools on Jordanian university students’ well-being

Purpose: This study aims to depict and probe into the building tension, stress and depression to which Jordanian university students have been vulnerable after the compulsory shift to online learning and their prolonged use of digital tools. Design/methodology/approach: The researchers used a five-construct questionnaire, namely, use of digital tools in e-learning, sleeping habits, social interaction, psychological reactions and academic performance, to elicit the responses of university students in Jordan concerning the psychological impact of COVID-19’s e-learning digital tools on their well-being. In total, 775 university-level students representing Jordanian public and private universities were asked to fill in the questionnaire, and their responses were statistically analyzed. Findings: The results showed that the prolonged use of digital tools, lack of face-to-face interaction and heavy load of assignments have led to anxiety, change of sleeping habit, distraction and a stress-building environment, perhaps resulting in depression. This was aggravated by COVID-19’s strict regulatory measures of social distancing, lockdowns, health threats and eroding family income. The prolonged and escalating social, psychological, loss of affection and worsening economic conditions have increased the number of psychological disorders and a drop in students’ academic performance. Practical implications: This study is useful for educational leaders and policymakers, providing guidance and insights on how higher education institutions can support students’ mental health and psychological well-being, especially in times of crisis. Consequently, the higher education sector should be prepared to function more efficiently and effectively in future emergency situations. Originality/value: While different studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the education sector globally, little attention has been given to developing countries in the Middle East. By focusing on the Jordanian example, the present study will fill a gap in the research endeavors addressing the prolonged use of e-learning digital tools. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The Students’ Experience of Hybrid- Education Model at the University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy: Lessons and Future Directions

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education models was mainly through the expansion of technology use in the different educational programs. Earlier impact of COVID-19 was manifested in the complete and sudden transition to distance education regardless of institution preparedness status. Gradually, many institutions are moving back to on-campus face-to-face education. However, others including all higher education institutions in Iraq are adopting the hybrid education model. This report presents part of the end of semester evaluation survey conducted at the University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy for the Spring 2021 semester. The survey aims to address points of strength and weakness associated with the hybrid education model and specifically the virtual content delivery aspect of hybrid education. The outcomes of the end of semester evaluation will shape a better experience for upcoming years and guide distance education implantation in the program. © 2021 University of Baghdad - College of Pharmacy. All rights reserved.

THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ELEVATED LIPASE LEVELS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS - A LARGE RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Introduction: Hyperlipasemia and its clinical significance in patients with COVID-19 (CoronavirusDisease 2019) has not been widely reported. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE-2) receptors are expressed in the pancreas and a direct viral cytopathic effect resultingin pancreatic injury with SARS CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2) infection has been hypothesized. In this study, we present the largest retrospective cohortstudy to date, evaluating the significance of hyperlipasemia in patients with COVID-19.Methods: All hospitalized adults with a positive SARS CoV-2 PCR (Polymerase ChainReaction) test from March 09 to June 30, 2020, and a serum lipase level drawn on admissionwere included in our study. Hyperlipasemia is defined as a lipase level above the upperlimit of normal. Data was extracted from our electronic medical records. Statistical analysiswas performed using the SAS statistical software v. 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).Mean and standard deviations were generated for continuous variables. Frequencies andproportions were reported for categorical variables. The Student t test and the Chi-squaretest were performed for the analysis of continuous or categorical variables respectively. Alltests were 2-sided, with a statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The logistic regressionmodel was used to quantify the association between lipase levels and clinical outcomes suchas the need for mechanical ventilation and deathResults: There were a total of 900 COVID-19 positive patients, of which 282 (31.3%) hadhyperlipasemia on admission (Table 1). We compared patients with normal lipase withthose with hyperlipasemia. There were no significant differences observed between the twogroups in terms of demographic, comorbidities, presenting symptoms and widely reportedserological markers known to indicate disease severity in COVID-19. In our multivariableadjustedmodel (table 2), elevated lipase was not significantly associated with the need formechanical ventilation or in-hospital mortality. A majority of our patients had mild elevationin lipase levels. Additionally, individuals who had hyperlipasemia (49 patients 5.4%) exceeding3 times the upper limit of normal (>183 U/L), did not meet the diagnostic criteria foracute pancreatitis.Conclusion: Hyperlipasemia in COVID-19 patients was not associated with poor clinicaloutcomes such as prolonged hospital course, or need for mechanical ventilation, or death.Patients with significantly elevated lipase levels did not meet diagnostic criteria for acutepancreatitis. Our study raises a broad range of possibilities for elevated lipase in patientswith COVID-19, ranging from global hypoxemia, hypoperfusion of pancreas and bowel, inaddition to renal failure. However, hyperlipasemia was not a predictor of disease severityor clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.(Table Presented)(Table Presented)

Planning the supply of emergency medical products to cope with pandemics

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed inadequate planning in the supply of emergency medical products (EMP) worldwide. In what followed, an exponential growth in EMP demand during the first months of the pandemic proved extremely challenging for manufacturers to adapt to. This put healthcare workers, our first line of defense, in jeopardy and stretched healthcare systems beyond their capacities. Many governments realized the deficiency of their emergency stockpile policies, and as global demand outstripped supply, they struggled to meet their population's basic EMP needs using offshore suppliers. In this work, we present a game theoretical approach for the planning of EMP supplies using a game that models the interaction between governments and private manufacturers to secure such critical supplies in the case of pandemics, while reducing the overall cost to taxpayers, and taking into consideration manufacturers profit objectives. On one hand, a policymaker can decide the strategic stockpile size for EMPs and use subsidies to encourage manufacturers to onshore some or all of their EMP manufacturing capacity to improve their domestic crisis management capabilities in case of a pandemic. On the other hand, private manufactures can evaluate offshoring cost savings compared to subsidies offered by the government on the condition of onshoring production of subsidized products and offering such items to the public at contracted pricing in pandemics. We detail the two models, present a solution to balance the competing objectives, and discuss insights from the model's analysis. © 2021 IISE Annual Conference and Expo 2021. All rights reserved.

Jordanian university instructors' perspectives on emergency remote teaching during COVID-19: humanities vs sciences

Purpose - The study aims to probe into university instructors' reactions to adopting the remote online learning model brought by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study investigates the instructors' perspectives, in the humanities and science classes, on the effectiveness of the emergency remote teaching (ERT) compared to face-to-face teaching. Design/methodology/approach - The data for the study were compiled from the responses of 127 instructors representing two private universities in middle and northern Jordan. The sample included 66 faculty members in the humanities and 61 in the sciences. The instructors' responses were elicited through a Likert-type questionnaire consisting of 20 items. Findings - The present study's findings have shown that online instruction is becoming more common despite the presence of some major challenges facing instructors. The results showed that the e-learning system seems to better suit the humanities courses compared to the sciences courses. The findings also showed that faculty members in the humanities are more satisfied with the effectiveness of the assessment tools utilized in the online courses than their colleagues in the sciences. In addition, humanities e-courses seem to provide a more interactive learning environment than e-courses in the sciences. Practical implications - More training for instructors on how to design online course syllabi to ensure effective delivery is needed. Instructors need to develop ways to encourage students to interact in virtual e-classes to the same level as the on-ground classes. Instructors also need to adopt the "blended learning" system as a transitional stage before switching completely to online learning. Originality/value - Different studies have investigated how COVID-19 has impacted education. The current study brings to light the perspectives of the Jordanian teaching staff on transitioning to ERT during the COVID-19 crisis taking into account the differences between humanities and sciences classes.

REVIEW- Covid-19: Diagnosis, summary of essays and evolving approaches

COVID-19 spread worldwide after its outbreak in December 2019. This review paper aims to educate the readers regarding SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and detection tools and the issues experienced by researchers. We identify on-the-horizon point-of-care diagnostic tests and inspire scholars to develop their innovations past conception. It will also effectively avoid potential pandemics to establish plug-and-play diagnostic information to handle the SARS infection. The authors agree that arbitrary-access, interconnected systems with flexible functionality accessible at the point-of-care, would enable fast and precise diagnosis and tracking.

Covid-19: Diagnosis, summary of essays and evolving approaches

COVID-19 spread worldwide after its outbreak in December 2019. This review paper aims to educate the readers regarding SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and detection tools and the issues experienced by researchers. We identify on the-horizon point-of-care diagnostic tests and inspire scholars to develop their innovations past conception. It will also effectively avoid potential pandemics to establish plug-and-play diagnostic information to handle the SARS infection. The authors agree that arbitrary-access, interconnected systems with flexible functionality accessible at the point-of-care, would enable fast and precise diagnosis and tracking.

The representation of COVID-19 and China in reuters’ and Xinhua’s headlines

The scare caused by China’s sudden coronavirus outbreak turned out to be a global threat. The new virus cases and infections have been spreading fast both in China and abroad, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a global health emergency. By analysing a corpus of 16,980 English headlines of Reuters and Xinhua from January 8, 2020, to February 29, 2020, the present study seeks to examine the most frequently discussed topics in this context. It also investigates how China is represented in the headlines of the two news agencies. Informed by critical discourse analysis, the headlines were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The representation of the virus in the news headlines of the two agencies reflected differences in the thematic focus. Reuters focused on the immediate and long-term repercussions, serious implications, and consequences of the current health crisis. Xinhua’s reporting, on the other hand, tended to play down the effects of the coronavirus spread on the Chinese economy and highlighted China’s readiness and ability to curb the spread of the disease. The study concludes that the local media’s reporting is geared towards enforcing the “Us vs. Them” dichotomy by highlighting the government’s efforts in fighting the epidemic. © SEARCH Journal 2021.